Sugar is one of the most widely existing organic compounds in nature. In terms of structure, sugars are polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones, and a class of organic compounds that can be hydrolyzed to produce polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones.
Polysaccharides are a kind of complex natural active ingredients. Some of them have obvious functions in improving human immune function, some have obvious effects in fighting skin aging, some have very strong anti-inflammation and antibacterial properties, but at the same time, they all have very significant moisturizing properties and certain nutrition. It is not surprising that natural active substances such as Polysaccharide and its derivatives are used as beauty cosmetics. As it is a natural product, it comes from natural food and Chinese herbal medicine that consumers are very familiar with or commonly used in, and its safety is easily accepted by consumers. It is a natural active substance of beauty cosmetics with a very promising prospect. With the application of high-tech means, more and more saccharide natural active substances will be used in beauty cosmetics in the future.
Polysaccharide is a kind of carbohydrate substance with complex and large molecular structure, which is formed by condensation and water loss of several monosaccharide molecules. The general formula is (C6H12O6)x. All carbohydrates and their derivatives that conform to the concept of macromolecular compounds are called polysaccharides. There are glucose, mannan, galactan, and so on, which are composed of one type of monosaccharides (usually an is added to the English monosaccharide stem), hetero polysaccharide, which is composed of two or more monosaccharides, and glucosamine glucan, which contains amino sugars.
In terms of molecular weight, polysaccharides range from 5,000 molecules to more than 106. By glycosidic bond binding sugar chain, at least more than 10 monosaccharides composed of polymeric sugar called polysaccharide.
2. Classification of polysaccharides
According to the source of raw materials, polysaccharides can be divided into five categories: plant polysaccharide, animal polysaccharide, edible fungus polysaccharide, microbial polysaccharide and Marine biological polysaccharide.
3. The role of polysaccharides in cosmetics
4. Common polysaccharide raw materials for cosmetics
Hyaluronic acid
hyaluronic acid (HA, commonly known as sodium hyaluronate or hyaluronic acid) is a naturally degradable biomedical material with absorbability. It is widely distributed in animal and human tissues and extracellular matrix, and its content is high in vitreous body, aqueous humor, synovial fluid, skin and umbilical cord. Commercial hyaluronic acid is usually its Sodium salt, Sodium Hyaluronate, which is still commonly called hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid is widely used. After further processing, it can improve its stability and be used in beauty, skin care and medical fields. The medical field is mainly used in ophthalmology, orthopedics and medical plastic surgery. Hyaluronic acid used in medical plastic surgery belongs to implant devices, which have higher risks and belong to the third category of medical devices.
Hyaluronic acid is just a condensation of two glucose derivatives, and then it repeats this structure over and over again to form hyaluronic acid, which is also very similar to the structure of most polysaccharides, and because of this structure, most polysaccharides have the function of moisturizing.
Chitin and its derivatives
Chitin polysaccharide derivative is a highly safe, non-irritating skin conditioner with high moisture, can form membranes on the skin surface breathable, complexing heavy metals, effectively remove toxins into the skin, and play a role in cleaning the skin and making the skin smooth and delicate.
Cellulose sulfate
Cellulose sulfate has some excellent physical and chemical properties: ① good biocompatibility, ② has suspension stability and special emulsifying effect, can play the role of stabilizer in cosmetics; ③ It has the function of moisture absorption and water retention, and can play the role of moisturizing in cosmetics.
heparin
Heparin can repair scars and promote the proliferation of local vascular endothelial cells. It can improve microcirculation, restore or increase local blood circulation, adjust skin color, and has anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects.
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